Qawaid al-Jughrafiya al-Amma al-Tabiiyya wa al-Bashariyya
- Author died
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- Editions
- Dār al-Ma‘rifah al-Jāmi‘īyah
Qawaid al-Jughrafiya al-Amma al-Tabiiyya wa al-Bashariyya (Principles of General Geography: Physical and Human) is an Arabic university textbook on physical and human geography co-authored by Jawda Husnayn Jawda and Fathi Muhammad Abu Ayyana .
Purpose and Scope
The work was prepared primarily for first-year undergraduate students in geography departments at women's colleges, geography and history tracks at colleges of education, and higher teacher-training institutes . The authors outlined two primary objectives for the book: to compile the scientific foundations of geography across its various subfields using precise and modern information, and to present the material in an accessible, simplified style supported by explanatory diagrams and images that visually illustrate the formation of geographic phenomena .
The textbook treats geography as the discipline that investigates the mutual interactions between human societies and their natural environments, encompassing both physical factors independent of human activity and human social and economic dynamics .
Structure and Contents
The book is arranged into eleven main parts (abwāb), spanning both physical and human geography:
- Part 1: Fundamentals of astronomical geography, covering the solar system, the origin of Earth, Earth's shape, dimensions, latitude and longitude, and planetary motions .
- Part 2: The rock composition of the Earth's crust and geological eras and their geographic significance .
- Part 3: Forces shaping the Earth's surface, examining slow internal forces, rapid internal forces, and external shaping processes .
- Part 4: Topography and landforms, analyzing the distribution of land and water as well as highlands and depressions across continents .
- Part 5: The atmosphere, discussing temperature, atmospheric pressure, global atmospheric circulation, winds, evaporation, humidity, condensation, and rainfall .
- Part 6: The biosphere, exploring the global distribution of natural vegetation and animal life .
- Part 7: Elements of the physical environment and humanity, addressing the definition and development of human geography alongside human interactions with natural surroundings .
- Part 8: World population, including geographic distribution, natural population growth, and migration patterns .
- Part 9: Human settlement centers, examining rural settlements, the origins and development of cities, and urban land use .
- Part 10: Major human occupations, focusing on agriculture, fishing, and mining .
- Part 11: Geography and politics, covering the geographic foundations of the state and the application of geography in regional planning .
Publication
The work was published by Dar al-Marifa al-Jamiiyya .
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