al-Maakhidh ala Tahqiq Dari al-Duri li-Kitab al-Tajrid li-Ibn al-Fahham
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- al-Maakhidh ala Tahqiq Dari al-Duri li-Kitab al-Tajrid li-Ibn al-Fahham
al-Maakhidh ala Tahqiq Dari al-Duri li-Kitab al-Tajrid li-Ibn al-Fahham (Criticisms of Dari al-Duri's Edition of Ibn al-Fahham's al-Tajrid) is a critical study by Muhammad Eid Muhammad Abdullah, published in 1428 AH (2007 CE), evaluating the published edition of al-Tajrid fi al-Qiraat al-Sab by Ibn al-Fahham al-Siqilli (d. 516 AH).
Background and Purpose
The author had previously edited Ibn al-Fahham's al-Tajrid for his master's degree in Arabic linguistic foundations in 1991 under the supervision of Abd al-Hamid Abu Sukkayn. Although he intended to publish it, he was occupied for nine years with his doctoral studies. After finishing his doctorate, Sami Abd al-Fattah Hilal informed him that the text had already been edited by Dari Ibrahim al-Asi al-Duri and published by Dar Ammar in Amman (1st ed., 1422 AH / 2002 CE). Upon reviewing al-Duri's published dissertation, Muhammad Eid found numerous omissions, textual alterations, and errors that he considered detrimental to the original work. Following consultations with his professors Abd Allah Rabi and Muhammad Ahmad Khatir, he authored this treatise to correct those defects. He also noted that a later edition produced by Abd al-Rahman Badr (published by Dar al-Sahaba fi al-Turath, Tanta, 1426 AH / 2005 CE) reproduced al-Duri's text and repeated its errors.
The stated aims of the work were to defend the Quranic text and its variant readings from editorial distortion, to exonerate Ibn al-Fahham from errors introduced by modern editors, to demonstrate rigorous standards of textual editing and collation, and to provide students and teachers of Quranic recitations (qiraat) with an accurate text of al-Tajrid.
Structure and Content
The book comprises an introduction, six core critical themes (maakhidh), and a conclusion:
- Textual Omissions (al-saqt li-bad nusus al-kitab): Examining instances where letters, words, phrases, or entire sentences and Quranic examples were dropped during transcription and collation.
- Alteration of Quranic Examples (taghyir bad al-amthilah al-quraniyyah): Documenting instances where Quranic illustrative verses were erroneously substituted or modified.
- Alteration of Authorial Text (taghyir bad nusus al-kitab): Addressing unauthorized changes made to Ibn al-Fahham's prose.
- Erroneous Citation and Derivation of Variants (khata al-takhrij li-bad al-ahruf al-quraniyyah): Correcting mistaken attributions and technical classifications of specific variant readings.
- Errors and Deficiencies in Annotations (al-khata fi bad al-taliqat aw tarkuha): Critiquing incorrect editorial footnotes and the omission of necessary explanatory comments and biographical identifications.
- Mismatches in Quranic Orthography (adam mutabaqat al-wasf li-rasm al-lafz al-qurani): Pointing out discrepancies between the described recitational rule and the actual written orthography (rasm) of disputed Quranic words.
Sources and Methodology
In establishing the correct readings of the text, the author examined four manuscript copies of al-Tajrid: the Damietta Religious Institute copy (no. 12), the Dar al-Kutub copy (no. 660 Qiraat / microfilm 44257), the Ahmad Taymur copy at Dar al-Kutub (no. 302 Tafsir Taymur / microfilm 54260), and the al-Azhar Library copy (no. 270 / 22277 Qiraat). Particular emphasis was placed on the Dar al-Kutub manuscript because al-Duri had made it his primary base text. The author corroborated his corrections by cross-referencing major classical works on Quranic recitations, such as al-Nashr fi al-Qiraat al-Ashr by Ibn al-Jazari, al-Saba fi al-Qiraat by Ibn Mujahid, and al-Taysir fi al-Qiraat al-Sab by Abu Amr al-Dani.
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