al-Turbushti
- Died
- 661 AH
- Born in
- -
Abu Abd Allah al-Turbashti (d. 661 AH / 1263 CE) was a Persian hadith scholar and jurist, best known for his comprehensive hadith commentary al-Muyassar fi Sharh Masabih al-Sunnah .
Lineage, Origin, and Affiliation
His full name was Shihab al-Din Abu Abd Allah Fadl Allah ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn ibn Abd Allah al-Turbashti . His relative adjective (nisba) derives from Turbisht (also vocalized as Turabisht), a village in Kirman . He was also associated with Shiraz .
Biographers primarily identify him as a Hanafi jurist; Ibn al-Shihnah regarded him as one of the pillars of the Hanafi school, and Siraj al-Din al-Qazwini similarly documented him as a Hanafi . However, Taj al-Din al-Subki included him without hesitation among the scholars of the Shafi'i school .
Education, Teachers, and Students
Al-Turbashti received his early education from his father, the scholar Abu Sa'd al-Hasan . He studied hadith and transmitted from several notable figures, including al-Mu'ayyad al-Tusi, Mahmud ibn As'ad al-'Ijli, and Shaykh Radi al-Din . He received the works of Abu Muhammad al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi through Nur al-Shari'ah al-Hafiz, and studied al-Baghawi's Masabih al-Sunnah directly under Athir al-Din Muhammad . In spiritual disciplines, he was affiliated with Sufism through Shaykh Abu Hafs Umar al-Suhrawardi .
Among his students who transmitted from him was Abu al-'Ala' al-Yazidi .
Scholarly Contribution and Standing
Al-Turbashti was recognized for his broad erudition and memorization of hadith, earning the epithet Nu'man al-Zaman (the Abu Hanifa of the age) .
His scholarly output spanned hadith commentary, theology, and Sufism. His most prominent work, al-Muyassar fi Sharh Masabih al-Sunnah, provides an extensive legal and linguistic commentary on al-Baghawi's hadith collection . In theology, he authored al-Mu'tamad fi al-Mu'taqad, dedicated during the reign of the Salghurid ruler Abu Bakr ibn Sa'd ibn Zangi . In Persian, he wrote Tuhfat al-Salikin, structured into three main foundations covering creed, transactions, and ethical conduct .
Death
Al-Turbashti died in 661 AH (1263 CE) . Other biographical entries report disparate estimates for his death, including around 600 AH and 712 AH .
Answer updated
List of Works
al-Muyassar fi Sharh Masabih al-Sunnah (The Facilitator: A Commentary on the Lamps of the Sunnah) is a classical hadith commentary on Abu Muhammad al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi's hadith compendium Masabih al-Sunnah. It serves as an exposition of the parent work, elucidating the meanings, legal implications, and nuances of the gathered prophetic traditions to clarify ambiguities in legal proofs and facilitate adherence to prophetic guidance.