Wabl al-Ghamama fi Sharh Umdat al-Fiqh li Ibn Qudama
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Wabl al-Ghamama fi Sharh Umdat al-Fiqh li Ibn Qudama (The Downpour of Clouds in Explaining Ibn Qudama's Foundation of Jurisprudence) is an eight-volume contemporary commentary on Muwaffaq al-Din Ibn Qudama's Hanbali legal primer Umdat al-Fiqh, authored by the Saudi scholar Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Tayyar .
Origin and Composition
The commentary originated from regular instructional lectures and intensive scientific seminars that al-Tayyar began delivering on 10 Shawwal 1401 AH (1981 CE) across numerous cities and provinces in Saudi Arabia, including al-Zulfi, Mecca, al-Aflaj, Buraydah, al-Majma'ah, and Riyadh . He concluded the full course on the text in al-Zulfi, Mecca, and al-Aflaj .
The audio recordings of these lessons were subsequently transcribed and edited . Al-Tayyar removed extraneous repetitions, cited textual proofs, and supplemented the text by summarizing the positions of the four Sunni legal schools alongside legal preferences (tarjih) . The author completed the preface of the work on 1 Muharram 1428 AH (2007 CE) .
Methodology and Sources
The work explains Ibn Qudama's expressions, provides illustrative legal examples, extracts hadiths (takhrij), clarifies the dominant Hanbali view, and occasionally points out alternative narrations (riwayah) within the school . It incorporates comparative jurisprudence across the four legal schools and argues for the weightiest opinion on each issue with supporting evidence .
In determining legal preference, the author frequently relies on later scholars and legal authorities, including Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di, Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz, Muhammad ibn Salih al-Uthaymin, and the Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta . Al-Tayyar adopted specific technical conventions within his commentary:
- "Our Shaykh" refers to Muhammad ibn Salih al-Uthaymin .
- "Our Shaykh Shaykh Abd al-Aziz" refers to Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz .
- "The Two Shaykhs" refers to Ibn Baz and Ibn al-Uthaymin combined .
- "Shaykh al-Islam" refers to Ibn Taymiyyah .
- "The Reviver Imam" refers to Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab .
Structure and Publication
The commentary was published by Madar al-Watan in Riyadh across eight volumes, with its first edition issued between 1429 AH and 1432 AH (2008–2011 CE) . The thematic coverage of the volumes is organized as follows:
- Volumes 1 and 2: Ritual Purification (Taharah), Prayer (Salah), and Funerals (Jana'iz) .
- Volume 3: Pilgrimage (Hajj) .
- Volume 4: Commercial transactions, covering from the book of sales (Kitab al-Bay') to the end of preemption (Bab al-Shuf'ah) .
- Volume 5: Religious endowments (Kitab al-Waqf) through the law of inheritance (Kitab al-Fara'id) .
- Volume 6: Family law, from marriage (Kitab al-Nikah) to the revocable reconciliation of divorce (Bab al-Raj'ah) .
- Volume 7: The post-divorce waiting period (Bab al-'Iddah) through physical offenses and torts (Kitab al-Jinayat) .
- Volume 8: Blood money (al-Diyat), prescribed penal codes (al-Hudud), armed struggle (al-Jihad), judiciary (al-Qada'), and testimonies (al-Shahadat) .
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