Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa Arafah

Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa Arafah (The Virtue of the Day of Tarwiyah and Arafah) is a short hadith treatise (juzʾ) compiled by the Hanbali jurist and traditionist Ibn Qudama (d. 620 AH / 1223 CE), gathering narrated traditions and reports concerning the religious virtues, rituals, supplications, and merits associated with the early days of Dhu al-Hijjah and related devotional acts Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa ….

Contents and Themes

The treatise comprises twenty-eight numbered narrations and reports (āthār), transmitted with their full chains of narration (isnād) Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …+1. Its central focus is on the eighth and ninth days of Dhu al-Hijjah—the Day of Tarwiyah and the Day of Arafah—alongside additional reports on pilgrimage rites, devotional litanies, and general pious exhortation (zuhd) Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …+2.

The work addresses several thematic areas:

• Virtues of Fasting and Etymologies: It opens with traditions citing the rewards of fasting on the Day of Tarwiyah and the Day of Arafah, as well as postponing eating on the Day of Sacrifice until after the Eid prayer Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …+1. It includes linguistic explanations regarding why the Day of Tarwiyah was so named (drawing water for the journey toward Mina and Arafat) and the naming of Arafat in connection with Gabriel showing the pilgrimage rites to Abraham Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa ….
• Supplications and Remembrances: It records recommended prayers for the night and day of Arafah, including the formula of takbīr during the days of Tashriq, the ten phrases of praise transmitted from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, and the Prophet's invocation at Arafah: أَكْثَرُ دُعَاءِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَدُعَاءِ الأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلِي بِعَرَفَةَ: لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ("The most frequent supplication of Muhammad and the prophets before me at Arafah is: There is no god but Allah alone, having no partner; to Him belongs dominion and to Him belongs praise, and He is capable of all things") Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …+1.
• Merits of Pilgrimage Rites: It relates narrations regarding the despondency of Satan on the Day of Arafah upon witnessing divine mercy Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …, a comprehensive tradition describing the rewards for each stage of Hajj (from departing home, circumambulating the Kaaba, running between al-Safa and al-Marwah, standing at Arafah, throwing pebbles at the jamarat, and shaving the head) Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …+1, and the virtue of enlivening four sacred nights (Tarwiyah, Arafah, Nahr, and Fitr) with worship Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa ….
• Supplemental Traditions: The concluding section contains reports on additional devotional topics, such as the danger of despairing of divine mercy Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …, gratefulness to God Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …, statements on the necessity of isnād by Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …, the supplication for entering marketplaces Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …, the fasting of six days in Shawwal Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …+1, restraining anger, and verses of ascetic poetry reflecting on death Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa ….

Transmission

Ibn Qudama transmits the material through his teachers, principally Abu al-Fath Muhammad ibn Abd al-Baqi ibn Ahmad ibn Salman (under whom he read in 561 AH), receiving reports tracing back through earlier traditionists such as Abu Muhammad Rizq Allah ibn Abd al-Wahhab al-Tamimi and Abu al-Fath Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi al-Fawaris Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa …+1. The text preserves an auditory transmission certificate (samāʿ) referencing the copy verified by Shams al-Din Abu al-Fath Nasr Allah ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Salih Ibn Abdus Fadl Yawm al-Tarwiyah wa ….