Durus Fiqhiyya - al-Luhaymid
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- Durus Fiqhiyya - al-Luhaymid
Durus Fiqhiyya (Durūs Fiqhiyya, "Jurisprudence Lessons") is a contemporary compendium of Islamic legal lessons compiled by the Saudi scholar Sulayman bin Muhammad al-Luhaymid, based in Rafha, Saudi Arabia.
Purpose and Sources
The author prepared the work as a systematic educational aid to assist students in understanding Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) alongside its textual proofs (adillah). For the underlying base texts (matn), al-Luhaymid drew primarily from foundational manuals of the Hanbali school, specifically Zad al-Mustaqni' (Zād al-Mustaqni‘), 'Umdat al-Fiqh (‘Umdat al-Fiqh), ‘Umdat al-Ṭālib, Dalil al-Talib (Dalīl al-Ṭālib), and Akhṣar al-Mukhtaṣarāt. The material was also made accessible through the educational website Riyāḍ al-Muttaqīn.
Scope and Structure
The work is organized according to the traditional chapter headings of Islamic jurisprudence:
- Ritual Purification (Kitāb al-Ṭahārah): Covers the rulings on water, the distinction between physical filth (khabath) and ritual impurity (ḥadath), ablution, ghusl, tayammum, and related matters.
- Prayer (Kitāb al-Ṣalāh): Details the call to prayer (adhān and iqāmah), conditions, pillars, and obligations of prayer, voluntary prayers, prostration of forgetfulness (sujūd al-sahw), congregational and Friday prayers, the prayer of the sick, travel dispensations (shortening and combining prayers), fear prayer, Eid prayers, eclipse prayers (kusūf), and rain prayers (istisqā’).
- Zakat (Kitāb al-Zakāh): Details the categories, recipients, and conditions of obligatory almsgiving.
- Commercial Transactions (Kitāb al-Buyū‘): Discusses the conditions and impediments of sales, usury (ribā), forward buying (salam), loans, pledges and mortgages (rahn), guaranty and suretyship (ḍamān and kafālah), transfer of debt (ḥawālah), interdiction (ḥajr), agency (wakālah), partnerships (sharikah), crop-sharing (muzāra‘ah and musāqāh), leasing (ijārah), competitions (sabq), usurpation (ghaṣb), preemption (shuf‘ah), deposits (wadī‘ah), revival of barren land (iḥyā’ al-mawāt), reward contracts (ju‘ālah), lost property (luqaṭah), endowments (waqf), gifts (hibah), and wills (waṣāyā).
- Family and Personal Status (Kitāb al-Nikāḥ and Kitāb al-Ṭalāq): Includes marriage, divorce, revocation (raj‘ah), vows of continence (īlā’), injurious assimilation (ẓihār), imprecation (li‘ān), waiting periods (‘idad), mourning (iḥdād), fosterage/suckling (riḍā‘), financial maintenance (nafaqāt), and custody (ḥaḍānah).
Method
In each chapter, al-Luhaymid defines legal terms both linguistically and technically before dissecting the legal rulings. He presents differing juristic opinions across the major legal schools, citing earlier authorities such as Ibn Qudamah, al-Nawawi, and Ibn Taymiyyah, as well as modern scholars such as Ibn Baz and Ibn 'Uthaymin. After evaluating the primary scriptural evidence and arguments of each position, he highlights the preponderant view (al-qawl al-rājih).
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