al-Takmila wa al-Dhayl ala Durrat al-Ghawwas = al-Takmila fima Yalhan fihi al-Amma

al-Takmila wa al-Dhayl ala Durrat al-Ghawwas (also titled al-Takmila fima Yalhan fihi al-Amma and Takmilat Islah ma Taghlat fihi al-Amma) is a linguistic treatise on common speech errors by the Baghdadi philologist Abu Mansur al-Jawaliqi (466–539 AH / 1073–1144 CE; other reports give 465 AH for his birth and 540 or 541 AH for his death) al-Takmila wa al-Dhayl al…+1. The book serves as a supplementary appendix (dhayl) to al-Hariri's work on elite linguistic solecisms, Durrat al-Ghawwas fi Awham al-Khawass Majallat al-Muqtabas+1.

Background and Scope

While al-Hariri designed Durrat al-Ghawwas to address the solecisms committed by educated writers and elites (awham al-khawass), al-Jawaliqi compiled this work to focus on common errors and popular misusages (lahn al-amma) that had been omitted from earlier treatises in the genre Majallat al-Muqtabas+1. In his introduction, al-Jawaliqi notes that he compiled expressions and words wherein common speakers err, aiming to draw attention to them because they were either entirely absent or largely unaddressed in previous works on popular solecisms al-Takmila wa al-Dhayl al….

Methodology and Classification

In the work's opening, al-Jawaliqi outlines three broad categories of linguistic distortion:

• Expressions placed out of context or improperly restricted to specific meanings when their correct usage is broad and general al-Takmila wa al-Dhayl al….
• Words whose letters or semantic forms are inverted or displaced from their proper grammatical and morphological orientation al-Takmila wa al-Dhayl al….
• Words subject to omission, addition, or the substitution of vowels and consonants al-Takmila wa al-Dhayl al….

Al-Jawaliqi adhered strictly to the standard eloquent register (al-fasih) of Arabic; he explicitly stated that if any forbidden form appears in isolated transmissions (nawadir), it should be dismissed due to its rarity and poor quality al-Takmila wa al-Dhayl al….

Editions

The work has been published under various related titles:

• Edited by Hartwig Derenbourg in Leipzig (1875) in Morgenländische Forschungen under the title al-Takmila fima Yalhan fihi al-Amma Mujaz Dairat al-Maarif al…+1.
• Edited by Izz al-Din al-Tanukhi under the title Takmilat Islah ma Taghlat fihi al-Amma, printed at Matba'at Ibn Zaydun and published by the Arab Scientific Academy in Damascus (1936), later reissued in facsimile in Tehran (1966) al-Madkhal ila Taqwim al-…+1.
• Edited by Abd al-Hafiz Farghali Ali al-Qarani under the title al-Takmila wa al-Dhayl ala Durrat al-Ghawwas al-Takmila wa al-Dhayl al….
• Edited by Hatim Salih al-Damin under the title Takmilat Islah ma Taghlat fihi al-Amma, published by Dar al-Basha'ir in Damascus (2007) Jamharat Maqalat wa Rasai….