al-Mukhtasar al-Mufid fi Ahkam al-Tajwid - bi Akhir Mushaf al-Qiraat wa al-Tajwid
- Author died
- 1442 AH
- Editions
- Mu’assasat al-Īmān
al-Mukhtasar al-Mufid fi Ahkam al-Tajwid (The Useful Summary of the Rules of Tajwid) is a concise pedagogical manual on Quranic recitation authored by Muhammad Hasan al-Himsi (d. 1442 AH / 2020 CE), appended to the end of his edition of Mushaf al-Qira'at wa al-Tajwid.
Purpose and Method
The work presents an accessible summary of the standard rules of tajwid as formulated by classical authorities, intended to safeguard the reader's tongue from errors (lahn) during recitation. It also serves as an explanatory guide to the color-coding scheme used in the accompanying printed Quran (Mushaf), where various colors denote specific recitation rules—such as red for assimilation with nasalization (idgham bi-ghunnah) and elongation (madd), green for concealment (ikhfa'), and black for clear pronunciation (idhar). The author emphasizes in the introduction that neither the written summary nor the color annotations can substitute for oral instruction (talaqqi and mushafahah) under a qualified Quranic preceptor (shaykh muqri').
Contents and Structure
The book is arranged into eleven sequential sections covering the primary topics of recitation according to the transmission of Hafs 'an 'Asim:
- Rulings of Seeking Refuge and the Basmala (Ahkam al-Isti'adha wa al-Basmala): The legal status of the isti'adha and basmala, conditions for reciting them aloud or silently, permissible and prohibited methods of connecting or separating them between surahs, and initial recitation options.
- Rulings of the Quiescent Nun and Tanwin (Ahkam al-Nun al-Sakina wa al-Tanwin): Detailed explanations of assimilation (idgham), conversion (iqlab), concealment (ikhfa'), and throat manifestation (idhar halqi).
- Rulings of the Quiescent Mim (Ahkam al-Mim al-Sakina): The three rules of quiescent mim: labial assimilation (idgham shafawi), labial concealment (ikhfa' shafawi), and labial manifestation (idhar shafawi).
- Rulings of Doubled Mim and Nun (Ahkam al-Mim wa al-Nun al-Mushaddadatayn): The requirement of two-count nasalization (ghunnah) for doubled nun and mim in both continuous recitation and stopping.
- Rulings of General Assimilation (Ahkam al-Idgham): Division into identical (mutamathilayn), homorganic (mutajanisayn), and convergent (mutaqaribayn) letters.
- Rulings of the Quiescent Lam (Ahkam al-Lam al-Sakina): Coverage of lam in the definite article (al-), verbs, nouns, particles (hal and bal), command verbs, and the rules of the lam in the Name of Allah (lafz al-jalalah).
- Velarization and Attenuation (al-Tafkhim wa al-Tarqiq): Categorization of letters into permanently velarized/emphatic (huruf al-isti‘la'), permanently attenuated (huruf al-istifal), and those varying according to phonetic context (alif, lam, and ra').
- Categories of Elongation (Ahkam al-Mudud wa Aqsamuha): Definitions and divisions into natural elongation (madd tabi'i) and secondary elongation (madd far'i), covering extensions caused by hamza (muttasil and munfasil) and those caused by sukun ('arid li-l-sukun, lin, lazim, and madd al-farq).
- Articulation Points of Letters (Makharij al-Ahruf): Description of the seventeen specific articulation points distributed across the five general regions (the oral cavity, throat, tongue, lips, and nasal cavity).
- Characteristics of Letters (Sifat al-Huruf): The seventeen phonetic attributes, including the five paired opposites (such as hams versus jahr and shiddah versus rakhawah) and the seven singular attributes (safir, qalqalah, lin, inhiraf, takrir, tafashshi, and istitalah).
- Rulings of Breath Pauses (Ahkam al-Saktat): Definition of the breath pause (saktah) as holding the sound for two counts without breathing, followed by enumeration of the four required pauses in Hafs's transmission—in Surat al-Kahf (at عِوَجًا ), Surat Ya-Sin (at مَرْقَدِنَا ), Surat al-Qiyamah (at مَنْ ), and Surat al-Mutaffifin (at بَلْ )—as well as the optional pause in Surat al-Haqqah (at مَالِيَهْ ).
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