al-Ahadith al-Warida fi al-Tahdhir min al-Shirk wa Bayan Khatarihi
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al-Ahadith al-Warida fi al-Tahdhir min al-Shirk wa Bayan Khatarihi (Prophetic Hadiths Warning Against Polytheism and Elucidating Its Peril) is a monograph on Islamic creed and hadith studies by Husayn bin Ghazi al-Tuwayjiri, dedicated to collecting, authenticating, and explaining prophetic traditions that explicitly contain the term shirk (polytheism or associating partners with God) .
Scope and Purpose
The author states that while texts concerning the prohibition and dangers of shirk are widespread throughout canonical hadith collections and theological treatises, they had not previously been compiled into a single dedicated study encompassing both hadith verification (takhrij) and commentary . The book defines its scope as gathering all prophetic traditions that explicitly mention the word shirk, evaluating their chains of transmission for authenticity or weakness, and expounding their meanings based on recognized hadith commentaries .
Structure
The work is organized into an introduction, two main chapters (mabahith), and a conclusion :
- Introduction: Details the significance of the topic, previous literature, the research scope, and the author's methodology for hadith collection and documentation .
- Chapter One: Defines shirk, its divisions, and its forms across five subsections:
- The definition of shirk .
- The divisions of shirk into major (akbar) and minor (asghar) .
- The states of shirk as apparent (zahir) and concealed (khafi) .
- The distinctions between major and minor shirk, regarding their rulings on apostasy, divine forgiveness, and eternal punishment in Hellfire .
- The mention of shirk in the Quran .
- Chapter Two: Compiles and analyzes the hadiths warning against shirk, arranged under ten subsections:
- Shirk as the greatest of fatal sins (al-mubiqat) .
- Shirk as the darkest injustice (azlam al-zulm) .
- Shirk as the greatest of major sins (akbar al-kaba'ir) .
- Shirk as the greatest sin before God .
- Shirk as a cause of entering Hellfire .
- God forsaking the polytheist on the Day of Resurrection, nullifying their deeds, and withholding reward .
- Shirk mandating Hellfire and Tawhid mandating Paradise .
- The prescribed supplication when fearing shirk .
- The virtues of Tawhid and protection from shirk .
- Specific examples of polytheistic words and acts, including unlawful incantations (ruqa), omens (tiyara), swearing by other than God, ostentation in prayer (riya'), wearing amulets (tama'im), and sorcery (sihr) .
- Conclusion: Summarizes the doctrinal findings of the study, followed by indexes of referenced works and subjects .
Methodology
In documenting hadiths, the author relies on primary source collections containing full transmission chains (al-kutub al-musnada) . When a hadith appears in Sahih al-Bukhari or Sahih Muslim, he limits the reference to them unless citing the Four Sunan adds an evidential benefit regarding the chain or text . Traditions outside al-Sahihayn are documented from the Four Sunan or other collections, arranged chronologically by the death dates of the authors, accompanied by judgments on their authenticity and supporting corroborating reports (mutaba'at and shawahid) when needed .
For narrator evaluation (rijal), the author primarily adopts the verdicts of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani in Taqrib al-Tahdhib for figures found in the Six Books, citing other biographical authorities if alternative evidence emerges or for narrators not included in the Taqrib . Each entry clarifies rare vocabulary (gharib), records explanations from classical hadith commentators, and vocalizes difficult terms .
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