Akhdh al-Mal ala Aamal al-Qurb
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- Dar Kunuz Ishbilya li-l-Nashr wa-l-Tawzi'
Akhdh al-Mal ala Aamal al-Qurb (Taking Money for Acts of Devotion) is a contemporary treatise on comparative Islamic jurisprudence by Adil Shahin Muhammad Shahin, examining the legal rulings on receiving financial compensation for acts of worship, pious transactions, and religious public offices .
Origin and Publication
The work originated as a master's thesis submitted to the Department of Jurisprudence (Fiqh) at the College of Sharia in Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh . The examination committee comprised Dr. Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Diraywish as chairman, alongside Dr. Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Ghusn and Dr. Sabri al-Sa'dawi Mubarak as members; the author was awarded the degree with distinction (excellent) . It was published in two volumes in Riyadh by Kunuz Ishbilya for Publishing and Distribution (1425 AH / 2004 CE) as the third title in the Charitable Fund for Publishing Academic Research and Theses series .
Scope and Structure
The book addresses the legal boundaries of monetary remuneration across various devotional and religious deeds, analyzing differences among Islamic legal schools (madhhabs) concerning hired wages (ijara), unilateral rewards (ji'ala), public treasury allocations (rizq), and unconditioned gifts .
The work is organized into an introduction, a preliminary study, two main parts, and a conclusion :
- Preliminary Study: Covers the conceptual definitions of property or wealth (mal) and acts of devotional drawing near to God (qurab) .
- Part One: Taking Money for Acts of Worship (Ibadat): Divided into five chapters:
- Prayer and related duties: Rulings on making up prayers on behalf of others, calling the adhan and iqama, leading prayers (imama) and delivering sermons (khutba), mosque construction and upkeep, and preparing and burying the deceased .
- Zakat, Fasting, and Spiritual Retreat (I'tikaf): Covers zakat distribution, fasting on behalf of the incapacitated or deceased, and i'tikaf .
- Hajj and Umrah: Deputyship (niyaba) on behalf of living or deceased individuals, forms of compensation (maintenance expenses, ji'ala, and ijara), and hiring for the slaughter of sacrificial animals .
- Jihad: Provisioning fighters from zakat and the treasury, hiring for combat, shares of spoils, frontier guarding (murabata), and related auxiliary services .
- The Qur'an and Islamic Sciences: Learning and teaching the Qur'an, reciting it for wages or for the deceased, copying, printing, and selling copies of the Qur'an, as well as seeking, teaching, and transcribing religious knowledge .
- Part Two: Taking Money for Financial Transactions and Religious Offices: Divided into two chapters:
- Transactions: Rulings on taking fees for loans (qard), suretyship and guarantees (daman and kafala), dispute reconciliation (sulh), safe custody deposits (wadi'a), endowment administration (nizarat al-waqf), and executing wills (wasaya) .
- Public Offices: Remuneration for the supreme leader/caliph, judges (qada), judicial assistants, marriage officiants (al-ma'dhun al-shar'i), estate appraisers and distributors (qassam), bearing testimony (shahada), issuing legal opinions (ifta), and the office of public moral regulation (hisbah) .
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