Saud al-Aqili
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Saud al-Aqili is a contemporary Islamic scholar and author known for his treatise on the legal and theological parameters of supplication, al-I'tida fi al-Dua: Suwar wa Dawabit wa Namadhij min al-Dua al-Sahih ("Transgression in Supplication: Forms, Criteria, and Models of Authentic Supplication") .
Study of Supplication
In his work on supplication, al-Aqili addressed the concept of overstepping legitimate boundaries (al-i'tida' fi al-du'a), noting that earlier specialized literature often focused either strictly on polytheistic invocations or generally on the virtues of prayer, leaving contemporary innovations and ungrounded prayers in popular circulation largely unexamined . He defined transgression in supplication terminologically as exceeding the legally established limits (al-hadd al-shar'i) in meaning, phrasing, or physical performance .
Al-Aqili classified transgressions in supplication across several areas:
- Meanings (al-ma'ani): including conditioning a prayer on God's will, asking for death, or invoking harm upon one's family, property, or self .
- Wording (al-alfaz): such as affected rhyming, overly detailed phrasing, invoking divine attributes rather than God, or using diminutive forms of divine names .
- Manner and execution (al-hay'ah wa-l-ada'): supplicating without humility or introducing non-prescribed physical acts, such as prostrating solely for the purpose of making a supplication .
- Spatial and temporal innovations: designating specific locations (such as graves or relics) or specific times (such as the first or last day of the year) for dedicated supplication without scriptural warrant .
- Context of ritual worship: detailing unlegislated invocations introduced into obligatory and voluntary prayers, fasting, and the rituals of Hajj .
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This treatise examines the theological and legal boundaries of Islamic supplication (dua). It catalogs prohibited forms of overstepping in prayer, establishes regulatory criteria to govern legitimate practice, and presents authentic models drawn directly from the Quran and the Sunnah.